Biochemistry

Glycolysis Glycolysis (fromGreek. “ Glycys ” - sweet, “ lysis ” - decomposition, dissolution) is a complex enzymatic process occurring mainly in muscle tissue. It is accompanied by the release of energy, which is partially accumulated in the macroergic bonds of ATP, and partially dispersed in the form of heat. A significant part of the energy is stored in the final products of glycolysis and alcoholic fermentation - in lactate and ethanol. Anaerobic glucose breakdown proceeds in two stages. In the first stage, glucose under the action of glucokinase (hexokinase) is phosphorylated using ATP as a donor of the phosphate group. The process of primary phosphorylation of glucose with the formation of phosphoric ether is called the "sluice" reaction, or the "ignition" reaction, after which this monosaccharide is incorporated into many reactions. The resulting glucose-6-phosphate is then transformed into fructose-6- phosphate under the effect of enzyme phosphoglucomutase. CH,OPO,H 2 CH.OPO.H О. H p hosphoglucomutase OH Glucose-6-phosphatc Fructose-6-phosphatc Further, with the participation of phosphofructokinase and ATP, fructose-6- phosphate is phosphorylated with fructose- 1, 6-diphosphate. 221