Biochemistry

During decarboxylation, y-aminobutyric glutamic acid. acid (GABA) is formed from COOH I CH, ^H, H-C-NH, COOH Glutamine decarboxylase ----- - -------- > COOH I CH, I 2 CH, + co, CH, I 2 NH, Glutamic acid ү -aminobutyric acid Amines formed from amino acids are called biogenic amines, they have a powerful biological effect on a body. Biogenic amines exhibit a physiological effect in very low concentrations. So, the introduction of histamine into the body leads to the expansion of capillaries and an increase in their permeability, narrowing of large vessels, and a reduction in the smooth muscles of various organs and tissues, and an increase in the secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. In addition, histamine is involved in the transmission of nerve stimulation. Serotonin helps to increase blood pressure and narrow the bronchi; its small doses inhibit the central nervous system activity, in large doses this substance has a stimulating effect. Large amounts of histamine and serotonin are in a bound, inactive form in various body tissues. The biological effect is shown only in free form. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulates in the brain tissue and is a neurohumoral inhibitor-mediator of inhibition of the central nervous system. High concentrations of these compounds can pose a threat to the normal functioning of the body. However, in animal tissues there is an aminoxidase that breaks down amines to the corresponding aldehydes, which then turn into fatty acids and break down to end products. 8.5 AMMONIA CLEANING PROCESSES In the process of amino acids metabolism in tissues, final products of their metabolism are formed - carbon monoxide, water and ammonia. Water is used by the body to provide biochemical processes. Carbon monoxide is partially removed from the body with exhaled air, the rest of it is utilized in the synthesis processes (for example, in the synthesis of fatty acids, purine bases, etc.). Ammonia resulting 169