Biochemistry

The first stage is enzymatic, it ends with the formation of an unstable intermediate product - imino acid, which in the second stage in the presence of water decomposes into ammonia and a-ketoacid spontaneously. Enzymes catalyzing this process contain NAD or FAD as a prosthetic group. In the human body, the deamination of glutamic acid is most active under the action of the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase, which is located in the mitochondria of cells of all tissues.As a result of this process, a-ketoglutaric acid is formed, which is involved in many metabolic processes. COOH COOH CH 2 + NAD CH 2 glutamatedehydrogenase | CH 2 « Г CH 2 + NADH 2 I - nad , h 2 I ch - nh 2 I COOH Glutamic acid C = NH I COOH Iminoglutamic acid COOH I CH 2 I +HOH CH 2 + H 2 O I -NH 3 C = NH I COOH Iminoglutamic acid COOH I CH 2 I CH 2 +NH 3 I c = o I COOH a-Ketoglutaric acid Transamination of amino acids The reaction of the conversion of amino acids without the formation of ammonia was discovered in 1938 by Soviet academics A.E.Brainstein and I.G.Kritsman, who developed a general theory of the mechanism of this enzymatic process. 166