Упрощенная HTML-версия
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Ȼɿɪɧɟɲɟ ɭɚԕɵɬɬɚɧ ɤɟɣɿɧ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɚɥԑɚɲԕɵ ɬԛɫɿɧɿԙ
ԧɡɝɟɪɭɿɧ ɠԥɧɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɬԛɡɿɥɝɟɧɿɧ ɛɚɣԕɚԙɵɡ:
ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚ ɤԧɤ ɬԛɫɬɟɧ ԕɵɡԑɵɥɬ ɬԛɫɤɟ, ɟɤɿɧɲɿ ɠԥɧɟ
ԛɲɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚ – ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿԙ ɬԛɫɿ ԧɡɝɟɪɦɟɣɞɿ, ɤԛԙɝɿɪɬ ɤԧɤɬɟɧ
ɚɲɵԕ ɠɚɫɵɥԑɚ ɞɟɣɿɧ (ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɵԙ ɬԛɡɿɥɭɿ ɚɥԑɚɲԕɵɞɚ
ԕɨɫɵɥɚɬɵɧ ɟɤɿɧɲɿ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɬɟ ɠɚԕɫɵ ɟɪɢɬɿɧ ɚԕ ɬԛɫɬɿ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɿɤ
ɬԝɡɞɚɪ ɤɚɞɦɢɣ (CdOHCl) ɠԥɧɟ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɣ (Al(OH)
3
) ɝɢɞɪɨɤ
-
ɫɢɞɬɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɬԝɧɛɚԑɚ ɬԛɫɿɭɿɦɟɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɥɚɞɵ); ɬԧɪɬɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚ
– ԕɵɡԑɵɥɬɬɚɧ ɚɲɵԕ – ɤԛɥɝɿɧ ɬԛɫɤɟ ɞɟɣɿɧ ԧɡɝɟɪɟɞɿ.
x
Ɍɟɦɿɪ ɠΩɧɟ ɤɨɛɚɥɶɬ ɪɨɞɚɧɢɞɬɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɤɟ ɢɡɨɚɦɢɥ
ɫɩɢɪɬɿɧɿΝ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧ Ιɨɫɭ ɤɟɡɿɧɞɟ ɨɥɚɪɞɵΝ ɫɭɥɵ ɨɪɬɚɞɚɧ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɤɚɥɵΙ ɨɪɬɚΕɚ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɹ (ɲɵΕɚɪɭ) ɠΟɪɟɞɿ (ɬɟɤ ɬɚɪɬɩɚ
ɲɤɚɮɬɚ ɠΟɪɝɿɡɿɥɭɿ Ιɚɠɟɬ!)
2
-
ɬΩɠɿɪɢɛɟ
. Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɞɵԙ
ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ԕɚɫɢɟɬɬɟɪɿ
Ɍɚɩɫɵɪɦɚɥɚɪ
(ɬԥɠɿɪɢɛɟɧɿ ɧԝɫԕɚ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɠԛɪɝɿɡɭɝɟ
ɛɨɥɚɞɵ):
1)
Ɇɵɧɚɞɚɣ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪ ɚɪɚɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ
-
ɥɚɪɞɵ ɠԛɪɝɿɡɿԙɿɡ
:
Ⱥ – ɧԝɫԕɚ:
K
4
[Fe(CN)
6
] + FeCl
3
ĺ …
K[Fe(SCN)
4
] + NaF ĺ …
[Cu(NH
3
)
4
]SO
4
+ NaOH ĺ …
Ȼ – ɧԝɫԕɚ:
[Cd (NH
3
)
4
]Cl
2
+ Na
2
CO
3
ĺ…
K
3
[Fe(CN)
6
] + FeSO
4
ĺ …
[Co(H
2
O)
6
]Cl
2
+ CaCl
2
ĺ …
2)
Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹɞɚɧ ɛɚɣԕɚɥɚɬɵɧ ɫɵɪɬԕɵ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɪɞɿ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿԙɿɡ
ɠԥɧɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɥɟɪɿɧ ɠɚɡɵԙɵɡ
.
3)
Ⱥɡ ɟɪɢɬɿɧ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɠԥɧɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɞɵԙ
ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɬɟɩɟ
-
ɬɟԙɞɿɝɿɧɿԙ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵ (Ʉ
ɌɁ
) ɦԥɧɿɧ ɩɚɣɞɚ
-
ɥɚɧɵɩ, ɠԛɪɝɿɡɿɥɝɟɧ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɬɢɩɿɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚԙɵɡ:
K
ɌɁ
[Fe(CN)
6
]
4
–
= 1,0 · 10
–
24
K
ɌɁ
[Fe(CN)
6
]
3
–
= 1,0 · 10
–
31
K
ɌɁ
[Fe(SCN)
4
]
–
= 2,9 · 10
–
5
K
ɌɁ
[FeF
6
]
3
–
= 7,9 · 10
–
17
K
ɌɁ
[Cd(NH
3
)
4
]
2+
= 7,6 · 10
–
8
ȿɄ (CdCO
3
) = 2,5 · 10
–
14