Карклинс, Расма. Система в ответе за это: коррупция в посткоммунистических странах

276 ПРИМЕЧАНИЯ К ГЛАВЕ 7 13 Roberta Ann Johnson, Whistleblowing: When It Works — and Why (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2003). 14 Open Society Institute, Monitoring the EU Accession Process, p. 417. 15 "Использование специальных технических средств расследования в раскрытии коррумпированного поведения ” — это одна из рекомендаций группы международных экспертов в ходе оценки усилий по борьбе с коррупцией в Латвии. Совет Европы. Группа государств против коррупции. Оценочный отчет по Латвии (Strasbourg, Dec. 2001), pp. 26-27. 16 Phyllis Dininio, with Sahr John Kpundeh and Robert Leiken, A Handbook on Fighting Corruption (Washington, D.C: Center for Democracy and Governance, USAID, 1999), p. 13. 17 Rick Stapenhurst, The Media ’ s Role in Curbing Corruption (Washington, D.C: World Bank Institute, 2000), p. 2. 18 Robert D. Behn, Rethinking Democratic Accountability (Washington, D.C: Brookings Institution, 2001), pp. 44-49. ” Open Society Institute, Monitoring the EU Accession Process, p. 207. 20 Behn, Rethinking Democratic Accountability, p. 4. 21 Heywood, “ Political Corruption," p. 423. 22 Helen Darbishire, “ Freedom of Information Laws Promote Honest Govern-ment, ” Local Governance Brief (Budapest, Spring 2004), pp. 29-32. 23 Guillermo O ’ Donnell, “ Horizontal Accountability in New Democracies, ” Jour-nal of Democracy 9, no. 3 (July 1998), p. 119; также Andreas Schedler, "Conceptualiz-ing Accountability, ” in The Self-Restraining State: Power and Accountability in New Democracies, ed- Andreas Schedler, Larry Diamond, and Marc F. Plattner (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1999), pp. 13-23. 24 Daniel Kaufmann, “ Revisiting Anti-Corruption Strategies: Tilt towards Inceneive-driven Approaches? ” in United Nations Development Programme, Corruption and Integrity Improvement Initiatives in Developing Countries (1998), ch. 4, no pagi-nation. 25 World Bank, Anticorruption in Transition: A Contribution to the Policy Defaafe(Washington, D.C, Sept. 2000), p. 15. 26 John Gardiner, "Defining Corruption, ” in Coping with Corruption in a Borderless World, ed. Maurice Punch et al. (Deventer: Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers, 1993), p. 34.188 27 Подробно см. Глава 8. 28 Pope, Confronting Corruption, pp. 276-77. 29 Некоторые пациенты и их семьи в Латвии подали в суд на врачей, работающих в системе общественного здравоохранения в 2003 за отказ оперировать без неофициальных платежей. 30 Pope, Confronting Corruption, р. 281. 31 Dininio,A Handbook on Fighting Corruption, p. 13. 32 Time Magazine, Aug. 10,1998, as cited in Pope, Confronting Corruption, p.279. 33 Robert Klitgaard, “ Strategies for Reform, ” in New Perspectives on Combating Corruption, ed. Transparency International and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (no place of publication: 1998), p. 232.