Biochemistry

1.5 VALUE OF FOOD FACTORS IN ENSURING OF LIFE ACTIVITY Living organisms constantly interact with the environment, receiving nutrients, which are then processed and excreted from the body in the form of metabolic products. All processes occurring in the body require energy, which are replenished due to the supply of nutrients in the cells and the food entering the body. According to scientists, over 70 years of life, an average person consumes 50 tons of water, 10 tons of carbohydrates, 2.5 tons of protein, more than 2 tons of fat, 0.2 - 0.3 tons of table salt. Thus, the amount of food is many times greater than a person ’ s body weight. Nutrition is a constantly acting factor that contributes not only to the normal growth and development of the body, but also increases its protective properties. Modem human, undergoing the negative influence of stress, an accelerated pace of life, physical inactivity, environmental pollution, etc., especially he needs high- quality nutrition. Meanwhile, mainly refined products come to food, with all kinds of additives and preservatives. A significant part of the world's population is undernourished. It is unhealthy diet that is responsible for the mass spread of the so-called “ diseases of civilization ” : obesity, diseases of the cardiovascular system, cancer, etc. By Academician l.P.Pavlov and his students found that the human body subtly responds to the slightest changes in the nature of nutrition, the composition of food, and the conditions for its intake. Metabolism begins even before food enters the body: under the influence of its appearance, smell, environment, in which there is an act of food, meal time, when thinking or talking about it. Currently, more than 60 nutrients are known that must be included in the diet as essential components. Part of them (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins) arc obtained by people and animals in the form of complex organic compounds formed in plants from simpler ones due to the solar energy absorbed by them. Minerals come mainly in the form of simple compounds. The essential nutrient is water. Sources of energy in the body are fats, proteins and digestible carbohydrates. The most energy-saturated fat: during the oxidation of 1 g, 9 kcal is formed. The oxidation of 1 g of proteins, as well as 1 g of carbohydrates, is accompanied by the release of about 4 kcal. In nature, there are no products that would contain all the nutrients in the quantitative proportions necessary for normal metabolism in the adult body. Only by combining a variety of products can the body be provided with all the nutrients it needs. 33