Biochemistry

Among of these problems is the underestimated danger of widespread contamination of food products with toxic metabolites of mold microscopic fungi - mycotoxins. Equally important has the problem of protecting the internal environment of the human body from getting antibiotics, which recommended for stimulating the growth of farm animals — some hormone-like substances (for example, diethylstilbestrol), polycyclic compounds, many of which have mutagenic and carcinogenic activity, aromatic hydrocarbons and mdny others. Evidence received today shows that come in animals along with food eventually accumulate in their bodies. The degree of accumulation of these substances usually depends on the durability of these compounds. Л well-known example of such an accumulation of DDT is given in the works of-Canadian researchers. They proved that in the water of Lake Michigan, 0.001 mg of DDT per liter was contained, 0.4 mg / kg of DDT in shrimp meat, 3.5 mg / kg in fish fat, and gull that fed fish from this lake - 100 mg of DDT per 1 kg of body weight. Organo-chlorine pesticides are found today not only in the fat of marine fish, farm animals and humans, but even among penguins living in Antarctica. That is the reason why it is extremely important to evaluate the metabolic processes of self-purification of the body, to study its enzyme protection which ensures, in particular, the processes of metabolism and detoxification of xenobiotics in various structural formations of the cell. Actually food substances (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, etc.) can have an adverse effect on to the body with congenital metabolic disorders or with sharp and prolonged violations of the qualitative and quantitative correlation of nutrients in the diet. The first group of disorders includes hereditary insufficiency in the production of a number of enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract, which underlies intolerance to lactose, fructose, sucrose, also galactosemia, phenylketonuria and histidinuria associated with the congenital absence of enzymes, involved in the exchange of amino acids in tissues. The second group includes diseases associated with excessive consumption of carbohydrates, in particular sucrose (diabetes mellitus, obesity, cardiovascular disease) and fats (atherosclerosis, obesity). Excessive intake of nucleic acids leads to gout. A serious health damages appear at a violation of the correlation in the diet of individual amino acids. For example, the etiological factor of endemic pellagra in the population consuming com and sorghum is the imbalance between leucine and isoleucine, the absence of tryptophan. Some oligosaccharides that are part of legumes (raffinosis and stachiosis) pass through the gastrointestinal tract in an unsplit form, as a result of which gases form 297