Biochemistry

In a healthy body, biochemical processes are balanced, regular food intake is an indispensable condition for maintaining homeostasis. So, nutrition is one of the main mechanisms of regulation of life. To indicate the degree of usefulness of a product for the body, used is the concept of "biological value", which reflects the quality of the proteins contained in the product, their amino-acid composition, digestibility and digestibility. In a broader sense, this concept includes the content in the product of other vital, biologically active substances - vitamins, minerals. Consequently, biological value is the degree to which the composition of food complies with the physiological needs of the body. The term "energy value of a product" refers to the energy that is released when it is oxidized in the body. “ Nutritional value ” is a general ' concept that includes energy value, the content of nutrients in a product, the degree of assimilation, and payability. 14.2 INFLUENCE OF NON-FOOD PRODUCTS COMPONENTS ON HUMAN ORGANISM The greatest danger for human health render is food of non-natural contaminants - anthropogenic origin. The reasons for their increasing adverse effects are: - the consequences of industrialization and technological progress, the rapid development of heavy, chemical and other industries; - intensification and chemicalization of agriculture; - excessive technological and culinary processing of food products. The main pollutants are toxic metals, radioisotopes, pesticides, their metabolites and degradation products, nitrites, nitrates and nitro compounds, aromatic hydrocarbons, farm animal growth stimulants, fluoride compounds, selenium, etc. Natural pollutants of biological origin include bacteria, their toxins, and animal parasites. The accumulation in the internal environment of the body of any persistent foreign substance is extremely undesirable, because it inevitably entails a violation of cellular metabolism. By academician A.A.Pokrovsky formulated the concept of protecting the purity of the internal environment of the human body. Prevention of the accumulation of xenobiotics, as well as their metabolic products, in the internal environment of the body should be recognized as one of the basic principles of food hygiene and hygienic regulation. 296