Biochemistry

Given the structure, adrenaline and norepinephrine are combined under the general name " catecholamines They have a lipomobilizing effect, increasing the activity of lipase in adipose tissue, which manifests itself in an increase in the concentration of free unesterified fatty acids in blood plasma. Adrenaline causes a narrowing of blood vessels (except for the vessels of the heart and muscles), increases blood pressure, inhibits the function of the gastrointestinal tract, and accelerates the blood coagulation process. Adrenaline affects several links in the metabolism, but especially on the energy. It enhances the process of glycogen breakdown in the liver, which leads to an increase in glucose in the blood and other tissues. With increased formation of adrenaline or with its introduction, the level of sugar in the blood rises sharply. Adrenaline accelerates glycogen phosphorolysis not only in the liver, but also in the muscles. Norepinephrine is also found in the brain of the adrenal gland as a precursor to adrenaline. By the nature of the biological action, it is similar to adrenaline, but it is a more effective mediator. Iodine-containing thyroid hormones are also derivatives of amino acids. The thyroid gland includes glycoprotein-thyroglobulin containing 1% iodine, 3% tyrosine amino acids and 8% carbohydrates. This protein is the parent compound from which thyroid hormones are formed. They differ from each other in the iodine content and are derivatives of L- thyronine , which in turn is synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine . The resulting thyroid hormones remain bound to the thyroglobulin molecule. The thyroglobulin molecule undergoes cleavage. The released thyroid hormones enter the bloodstream, where they bind to specific carrier proteins. Thyroxine CH-COOH NH 2 Triiodothyronine в £н-соон Diiodothyronine 290