Biochemistry

The main representatives of glucocorticoids are hydrocortisone (cortisol), corticosterone, 11 -deoxy cortisol, 11 -dehydrocorticosterone. Hydrocortisone and corticosterone are most active. With a deficiency (^hydrocortisone, protein, lipid and especially carbohydrate metabolism are disrupted. With excess , the conversion of amino acids to carbohydrates sharply increases, the synthesis of glycogen and fats increases, the glucose content in the blood rises, which leads to the development of steroid diabetes. At the same time, obesity of the upper body is also noted, the face becomes round and red, the limbs are thin, the so-called "buffalo type". With insufficient secretion of corticosterone, the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids is disrupted. At the same time, glycogen reserves in muscles and liver are reduced, blood glucose concentration is reduced, protein breakdown to amino acids is enhanced, fat breakdown is accelerated, the content of residual nitrogen in the blood is increased, reabsorption of Na + and К + in the tubules of the kidneys is disturbed , and blood pressure decreases. With an excess of corticosterone , anabolic processes increase sharply, which can lead to deviations from the norm. By the mineralocorticoid are deoxycorticosterone, aldosterone, which have a biological effect on the regulation of the level of electrolytes in the body fluids. 287