Biochemistry

somatotropin activation of anabolic processes of protein biosynthesis. This hormone provides these processes with energy, enhancing the breakdown of fats and glycogen. With insufficient growth hormone biosynthesis in children observed delay of growth (pituitary dwarfism), at a gauge - increased growth (gigantism). In adults, with excessive release of STH, acromegaly develops - a disproportionately intensive growth of certain parts of the body: legs, arms, chin, eyebrows, nose and tongue. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin, ACTH) affects the formation of the structure and functional activity of the adrenal cortex. Under its action, the secretion of hormones of the adrenal cortex (hydrocortisone and corticosterone) increases sharply. In the absence of ACTH, the adrenal cortex atrophies. It also affects a number of biochemical processes: it enhances the synthesis of proteins and ribonucleic acids, increases the activity of phosphorylase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lipase, and promotes the hydrolysis of tissue fats. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin, TSH) controls the function of the thyroid gland, stimulates the secretion of its hormones. The mechanism of influence of TSH on the thyroid gland consists of several links: TSH promotes the accumulation of iodine in the gland and its incorporation into tyrosine molecules (which are part of a specific protein) with the formation of mono- and tetraiodothyronine; activates proteolytic enzymes in the follicles of the gland, thereby contributing to the breakdown of the precursor protein with the release of iodine-containing hormones. Gonadotropic hormones. These hormones regulate the activity of the gonads, the formation of mammary glands and the maturation of the fetus. These include follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and lactotropic hormone or prolactin. Follicle-stimulating hormone (follitropin, FSH) enhances the function of follicles in females, and in males it promotes sperm formation. Luteinizing hormone (LH) provides the maturation and rupture of follicles with the formation of the corpus luteum in the ovaries. Lactotropic hormone (prolactin) has a wide range of biological effects. It participates in the regulation of the reproductive functions of the body, is the main hormone that controls the growth of the mammary glands, stimulates their function, and forms the maternal instinct. Prolactin stimulates the function of the corpus luteum and the production of progesterone in it. Lipotropic hormone (lipotropin, LTH) has a fat-mobilizing effect. It is also characterized by corticotropic activity. The average pituitary gland secretes melanostimulating hormone (MSH, melanotropin) into the bloodstream . Under the influence of melanotropin, the 284