Biochemistry

Bioflavonoid deficiency. With a deficiency of vitamin P in food, the permeability and fragility of capillaries increases, which is accompanied by bleeding and hemorrhage even after light squeezing, leg pain, general weakness, and fatigue. R-hypovitaminosis, as a rule, is combined with C-vitamin deficiency. Therefore, with hypovitaminosis C, it is recommended to use vitamin P (ascorutin) along with ascorbic acid. Daily intake of vitamin P is 35-50 mg for adults. It rises under conditions of some production poisons. Sources. Vitamin P is mainly found in the same plant foods (vegetables, fruits, berries) as vitamin C. Especially it is found in green peas, black currants, citrus fruits, and rose hips. • Carnitine (Vitamin B T ). It is located mainly in the CH, muscles of animals. It was discovered by Soviet biochemist Academician V.S. Gulevich and his colleagues. Structure and physicochemical properties. Carnitine is a water-soluble betaine derivative, 0-hydroxy-y- aminobutyric acid. It is formed from methionine and lysine with the participation of iron and vitamin C from food. Biological role. Carnitine is involved in the fatty acid oxidation as a carrier of the acyl radical through the membrane into the mitochondria, as well as in the processes of transmethylation and biosynthesis of fatty acids. Carnitine deficiency. If the body lacks carnitine, unused fatty acids accumulate in the cytoplasm, resulting in a lack of energy, which is most felt by the heart muscle and skeletal muscle. Daily intake of carnitine has not been established. Sources. Carnitine is found in the liver, meat, and milk. Para-aminobenzoic acid (Hi). Growth-promoting factor was isolated in pure form from yeast extracts and identified with para-aminobenzoic acid. Structure and physicochemical properties. PAMBA is a crystalline substance of white color with a yellowish tint. It is poorly soluble in water, well soluble in alcohol and ether. Chemically resistant, can withstand autoclaving, boiling in acidic and alkaline environments. Para-aminobenzoic acid 272