Biochemistry

Table 12.1 - Nomenclature, classification of vitamins and vitamin-like compounds I. Water soluble vitamins Vitamins represented primarily by one compound Recommended name Old names Thiamine Riboflavin Pantothenic acid Biotin Ascorbic acid Vitamin Bi (aneirin) Vitamin B 2 (lactoflavin) Vitamin B3 or B 5 Vitamin H Vitamin C Vitamin Families Recommended group name Individual representatives Vitamin Be Niacin (Vitamin PP) Folacin Cobalamins (Vitamin В 12) Pyridoxine; pyridoxal; pyridoxamine Nicotinic acid; nicotine amide Folic acid; tetrahydrofolic acid and its derivatives Cyanocobalamin; oxycobalamin; methyl cobalamin II . Fat soluble vitamins Recommended Group Name Individual representatives Vitamin A Vitamin D (Calciferols) Vitamin E Vitamin К Retinol; retinyl acetate; retinal; retinoic acid Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2); cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) a-, p-, y- and cr-Tocopherols; a-, P-, y- and o-Tocotrienols 2-Methyl-3-fitil-l,4 naphthoquine (phylloquinone, vitamin Ki); menaquinone (vitamins Кг); 2-methyl-l,4-naphthoquinone (menadione, vitamin K2) III. Vitamin-like compounds Technological function Compound name Essential nutrients with plastic function Choline (vitamin B4); inositol (myoinositis, mesoinositol, vitamin Bs) Biologically active substances synthesized in the human body Lipoic acid; orotic acid; vitamin B13 ; carnitine (vitamin В t ) Pharmacological substances of food Bioflavonoids; methyl methionine sulfonium (vitamin U ); pangamic acid (vitamin B15 ) Microorganism growth factors Para-aminobenzoic acid Vitamin-like substances are distinguished in the group of vitamins, the degree of indispensability of which has not yet been determined. However, they have a beneficial effect on metabolic processes, especially in extreme conditions. 244