Biochemistry

The ratio of synthesis of triacylglycerols and phospholipids in tissues, especially in the liver, is important in the regulation of lipid metabolism. This is because fatty acids are necessary for the synthesis of triacylglycerols and phospholipids. Triacylglycerols are able to be deposited in the reserve and with excessive accumulation can cause disruption of the activity of cells, up to their death. Phospholipids are hydrophilic compounds: they are removed from the liver and delivered to other organs and tissues, which stimulates their synthesis and, accordingly, reduces the formation of triacylglycerols. Normally, the content of total lipids in the blood is 400-800 mg / 1. It varies depending on gender, age, nature and diet, level of physical activity. Disorders of lipid metabolism may occur already in the process of digestion and absorption of fat due to diseases of the digestive tract. In addition, they may be associated with inadequate pancreatic or bile juice in the intestinal lipase. In case of hereditary disease caused by insufficient activity of the blood lipoprotein lipase, the transfer of fatty acids from the chylomicrons of the plasma to the fat depots is disrupted. The content of chylomicrons increases in plasma, as a result of which it becomes milky in color. Increased blood lipids (hyperlipemia) can be caused by physiological reasons, such as food intake (alimentary hyperlipemia). Hyperlipidemia often occurs in diabetes mellitus, pancreatic diseases (pancreatitis), liver (hepatitis), kidney (nephrosis). They are based on violations of energy metabolism associated with insufficient use of carbohydrates and increased oxidation of fats. At the same time, the processes of fat mobilization (triacylglycerols) from the fat depots are activated. It enters the bloodstream (transport hyperlipemia) and is delivered to those organs that are lack of energy. Hyperlipidemia is observed in some poisonings, dysfunction of the thyroid, sex glands and adrenal glands. In some cases, the content of lipids in the urine (Jipuria) increases. It can occur, for example, after eating, especially after taking a large amount of fish oil. The accumulation of lipids in the urine is observed in diabetes mellitus, pulmonary tuberculosis, kidney disease, poisoning, pancreatic tumors, infectious and purulent processes. Hypolipemia - a reduced content of lipids in the blood, is observed with cirrhosis of the liver and reduced thyroid function. Insufficient qualitative and quantitative intake of lipids with food leads to the development of avitaminosis and hypovitaminosis of fat-soluble vitamins. Thus, reducing the consumption of vegetable oil with food leads to the appearance of signs of vitamin F deficiency. Diseases based on lipid metabolism disorders include obesity, hepatosteatosis, atherosclerosis. Among people suffering from obesity, the 206