Biochemistry

он СНз-СО-СНг-СО -SCoA + СНз -CO-SCoA ---------- к HOOC-CHr-C-CHy-CO-SKoA + HSKoA -HSCoA I СҢз Acetoacyl-CoA p-Oxy-methylglutaryl-CoA Formed p-hydroxy-f-methylglutaryl-CoA splits into acetoacetate and acetyl- CoA. OH I HOOC-CH- C-CHr-CO-S CoA CH3-CO-CH2-COOH - CHr-CO-SCoA 1 CH 3 P-Oxy-me&ylglutaiyl-CoA Acetoacetate Acetyl-CoA Acetoacetate (acetoacetic acid), with the participation of NADH2, is reduced to fj-hydrohutyric acid f^-hydroxybutyratej. 0 0 II II OH 0 1 H CH3-C-CH2-C \ CH 3 -CH-CH 2 -C -NAD OH OH Acetoacetate ' p-hydroxybutyrate In addition, during decarboxylatingacetoacetate is converted to acetone. Acetone bodies are considered as specific and not intermediate products of the metabolism of fatty acid biosynthesis. In a healthy human bloodketone bodies are contained only in small amounts. In severe forms of diabetes, starvation, insufficient carbohydrate content in food, the concentration of ketone bodies in the blood increases and can reach 20 mmol / 1, acidosis (ketosis) develops, and the rate of formation of ketone bodies exceeds the ability of peripheral tissues to utilize them. Currently, the important role of ketone bodies in maintaining energy homeostasis has been proven. They are sources of energy for the muscles and kidneys to work and act as part of a regulatory feedback mechanism, preventing the 199