Biochemistry

The initial stage offl-oxidation is the activation of higher fatty acid molecules with the participation of ATP and HSKoA. At the same time, activated forms are building up: CoA-esters of these acids. Active form (acetyl-CoA) of fatty acid and coenzyme A is formed due to the energy of ATP with the participation of the enzyme acetyl-CoA ligase. The transfer of acyl groups from cytolasms to the mitochondrial matrix is performed by carnitine. With the participation of the enzyme carnitine-acyl- transferase, acylcamitine is synthesized, which is able to penetrate into the mitochondria. After that, carnitine is returned to the cytoplasm of the cell, and acetyl-CoA undergoes oxidation. О // R-CH2-CH2-CH2-C ү P a \ OH fatty acid О И 4-ATP, HSCoA R-CH2-CH2-CH2-C + AMP + Enzyme -ADP ү p a \ SCoA Acyl-CoA activated fatty acid The next step is the dehydrogenation of fatty acids with the participation of FAD, herewith two hydrogen atoms in a- and р -positions are split off and acyl- CoA is converted to CoA-ester of unsaturated acid (enoyl-CoA). О // R-CH2-CH 2 -CH2-C у P a \ SCoA Acyl-CoA О // +FAD R-CH 3 -CH^CH-C -FADH2* Y P a \ SCoA unsaturated enoil-CoA At the hydration stage, enoyl-CoA, interacting with a water molecule, is converted mtofl-hydroxy acid ( fl-hydroxy acyl). 0 ОН 0 // 1 // r - ch 2 - ch = ch - c +HOH t R-CH2-CH-CH2-C у P a \ Y p a \ SCoA SCoA unsaturated enoil-CoA P-Oxyacyl-CoA 196