Biochemistry

This hexose is an integral part of disaccharides and da lactose and raffinose trisaccharide. Galactose is found in lipids of nervous tissue and glycoproteins of humans and animals. It is a fragment of the polysaccharide agar-agar , gum arabic, galactans, mucus, glycosides . Under the influence of enzymes, galactose can turn into glucose. It is used as a nutrient medium for some microorganisms, as well as in the confectionery industry. Oligosaccharides. The oligosaccharide molecules contain from 2 to 10 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic bonds. This group includes disaccharides, trisaccharides, etc. Disaccharides are complex sugars, each molecule of which during hydrolysis breaks down into two monosaccharide molecules. The empirical formula is C12H22O11. Among disaccharides, maltose, lactose, sucrose, and cellobiose are of the greatest importance. Along with polysaccharides, disaccharides are the main carbohydrates in human and animal food. Maltose - malt sugar - contains two residues of a - D- glucose. Maltose is formed as an intermediate product by the action of amylases on starch or glycogen. The presence of free semi- acetal hydroxyl in the second glucose residue, which is part of maltose, allows us to attribute this disaccharide to reducing sugars. a-Glucose a-Glucose Maltose Sucrose - food (beet, cane sugar ) - the most important and widespread disaccharide. Sucrose consists of a-D- glucose and f-D-fructose . 145