Biochemistry

Regulatory function. The representative of carbohydrates -fiber has a rough structure. Getting into the gastrointestinal tract with food, it causes mechanical irritation of the walls of the stomach and intestines, increases their activity and promotes its emptying. Specific function. Individual representatives of carbohydrates perform special functions in the body, for example, participate in the conduct of nerve impulses, the formation of antibodies, ensuring the specificity of blood groups, and normal activity of the central nervous system. According to the modern classification, carbohydrates are divided into three main groups depending on their composition, structure and properties: monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. CARBOHYDRATES Monosaccharides Polysaccharides 1 1 Oligosaccharides (disaccharides, I I Aldoses Ketoses trisaccharides) Homopoly Heteropoly saccharides saccharides Monosaccharides. Carbohydrates of this group contain a carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone), are derivatives of poly hydric alcohols. They have the composition C n H 2 n O n . Monosaccharides differ in the various nature of the structure and spatial arrangement of functional groups. By the nature of the latter, they are divided into aldoses and ketoses . Monosaccharides can exist in two forms: linear (acyclic) with an open carbon chain and cyclic (ring). Both forms are in dynamic equilibrium; their mutual transition is called ring-chain tautomerism . Within a cyclic form of glucose is created, a reaction occurs between the alcohol hydroxyl group at C-5 and the carbon of the aldehyde group C-l, the oxygen bridge closes and a six-membered pyran type heterocycle forms. 135