Biochemistry

late stages of fluoride poisoning, damage to the kidneys, liver, and cardiovascular system is observed. Excessive accumulation of Са 5 Ғ(РО 4 ) 3 disrupts the mobility of the joints and chest, and Ca 5 F(PO 4 ) 3 disrupts the mobility of the joints and chest, and pathological changes in the bones become irreversible. Chlorine is found in the form of minerals. The chlorine content in the earth's crust is I.7-10 ’ z %. In biological media, this element is present in the form of chloride ion СГ. In plasma, it plays an important role in maintaining osmotic pressure. Sodium chloride NaCl is necessary for the synthesis of hydrochloric acid by the walls of the stomach. Free Cl 2 plays an important role in the body's immune responses. Molecular chlorine (Cl 2 ) belongs to the category of toxic substances with a choking effect. It acts irritatingly on the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and eyes, and a concentration of chlorine of 2.5 mg per 1 liter of air can already take 30 minutes, cause respiratory arrest and death of the body. Bromine. Its main source is a sea water. Among plants, legume and especially sea kale are actively accumulating bromine. In higher animals and humans, bromine is concentrated in the endocrine glands, primarily in the pituitary gland. It was found that the front of the pituitary gland secrete the so-called Bromhormone. The hormone is of particular importance for the occurrence of inhibition in the cerebral hemispheres. During sleep, the bromine content in the pituitary gland increases almost 2 times. The effect of Br bromide ion has been well studied. It has a calming effect on the central nervous system with increased excitability. There is an improvement in the balance of the processes of excitation and inhibition, especially in stressful situations. However, free (molecular) bromine is toxic to humans and animals. According to the toxic effect on the body, bromine is similar to chlorine, but 2 times less active. Bromine is very slowly eliminated from the body. This is due to the low permeability of cell membranes for the Br- ion. Therefore, excess dosage during treatment with bromine preparations can lead to chronic poisoning with this element, the so-called bromism. Iodine. This chemical element is quite rare (its reserves in the earth's crust are 4- 10 ’ 5 % by weight). Most iodine is concentrated in the waters of the oceans, but its concentration there is low. Iodine compounds can accumulate algae, the most famous of which is kelp or sea kale. In addition to kelp, the carrier of a large amount of organically bound iodine is brown seaweed fucus vesiculata. The amount of iodine in the human body is about 25 mg. More than half of this amount is in the thyroid gland in the form of iodine-containing hormones. In 12