Biochemistry

It was found that dehydrogenases are located at the base of the outgrowth (protrusion), followed by ubiquinone protein, a system of cytochromes. Cytochrome A 3 borders the mitochondrial cavity, where ATP “ descends from the conveyor ” . 4.4 OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION The role of the biological oxidation chain is that when electrons move from one carrier to another, the energy level gradually decreases, while the energy contained in them is lost, which delivers an average of 56.6 kcal / mol . The released energy is partially released in the form of heat, but most of it is spent on the formation of ATP. Moreover, from some compounds during the oxidation of 1 mole, sufficient energy is released for the synthesis of three ATP molecules, and from others only for two. For example, if NAD is the primary hydrogen acceptor, then three ATP molecules are formed, if FAD is two. ATP - adenosine triphosphoric acid (adenosine triphosphate), which appears during the oxidation of organic substances in cells, is a universal source of energy. This unique compound consists of adenine, ribose and three phosphoric acid residues. OH I HO-P-O Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) The bonds between atoms, during the breakdown of which a large amount of energy is released, are called macroergic and are denoted by ~, and the connection is called a macroerg. The magnitude of this macroergic bond is approximately 8-10 kcal/mol (33.5-42.0 kJ/mol). Other macroergs include uridine triphosphate, guanosine triphosphate, creatinine phosphate, phosphoenolpyruvic acid , etc. The peculiarity of these compounds is that during the decay of the macroergic bond, the energy does not dissipate, but is directly used without loss on the conversion of other compounds. ATP is synthesized from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphoric acid in the presence of energy. Accordingly, during decomposition, the starting materials are formed and energy is released. Ill