Biochemistry

substances eventually formed the same decomposition products (C0 2 and H 2 0) and is released as the energy . Oxygen from the air enters the body through the respiratory tract into the lungs and blood, which transports it to all cells. However, the oxygen in the tissues does not attach directly to the original source of energy - whether it is carbon, amino acid or fatty acid. These compounds gradually degrade, losing hydrogen, electrons, which react with oxygen. Thus, the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen becomes the source of energy in the body, resulting in the formation of water. Carbon monoxide, which is a mandatory oxidation product, is cleaved by tissue enzymes from acid groups - COOH in the process of oxidation of organic substances: amino acids, fatty acids, etc. In studying interaction pathways of organic compounds and oxygen in the cells were directed efforts of many researchers hypothesize sometimes contradiction ivayu conductive to each other. The role of oxygen for life was not in doubt. The task was to find out why air oxygen does not oxidize the body and the oxidation process itself occurs only in the tissues, and not along the path to them. It turned out that oxygen is activated in the tissues, which this element needs to quickly interact with oxidizing substances (the same is observed outside the body). At the turn of the XIX and XX centuries. Russian scientist A.N. Bach and independently in Germany K.Emgler and W.Wilde put forward a hypothesis about the formation of peroxides o/organic compounds as the initial stage of biological oxidation. In accordance with this hypothesis, an oxygen molecule goes into an active state due to the breaking of a double bond in it using the “ internal vibrational energy ” of the oxidized compound itself and with the participation of oxidase enzymes. Bach Peroxide Under the influence of enzymes, easily oxidized substances, for example, phenols or compounds containing double bonds, form peroxides (peroxides), which, in turn, under the influence of peroxidase enzymes break down, releasing atomic oxygen (the so-called “ peroxide theory ” ). In subsequent years, the theory of A.N.Bach was confirmed in the works of O.Warburg, D.Keylin, where it was shown that the resulting peroxides of organic compounds, like hydrogen peroxide, can oxidize other substances. 104